A team of researchers at CSIRO has decoded the genome of the spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus), a critically endangered species of marine fish endemic to Tasmania.
The spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus). Image credit: CSIRO.
Brachionichthys hirsutus is a rare species of benthic fish in the handfish family Brachionichthyidae.
This unusual fish lives only in the estuary of Derwent River, Tasmania, and nearby areas; it is usually found at depths of 5 to 10 m (16-33 feet).
First formally described in 1804, Brachionichthys hirsutus has highly adapted pectoral fins, which appear like hands and allow it to walk on the sea floor.
The species’ diet includes small shellfish, shrimp, and polychaete worms.
Brachionichthys hirsutus is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List 2020; scientists estimate fewer than 2,000 individuals remain in the wild.
Its rapid decline is attributed to historic fishing practices, coastal development, climate change and the arrival of invasive species.
“The genome sequence will help ongoing efforts to boost population numbers and monitor genetic diversity,” said CSIRO researcher Gunjan Pandey.
“The genome helps us understand how an organism functions.”
“It provides a foundation for understanding gene expression in daily life and offers insights into its evolutionary history.”
“With the genome, we can assist with species detection, monitor populations, and even estimate the fish’s lifespan.”
“This rich genetic information will help inform conservation strategy over the long term,” added CSIRO researcher Carlie Devine.
“Conservation measures are expanding to include genetics, recognising a multidisciplinary approach alongside ecology research is essential for effective conservation of threatened species.”
“Marine species like the spotted handfish are notoriously difficult to work with.”
“The DNA degrades rapidly and becomes contaminated with microorganisms.”
“This makes assembling a pure genome extremely challenging.”
The team was able to sequence the complete genome from a small amount of poor-quality DNA, using what’s called a low-input protocol.
“We are one of only three teams globally using this protocol,” Dr. Pandey said.
“We customised the entire process — from the set-up of the lab to the bioinformatics software — to sequence a high-quality genome from poor-quality DNA.”
“What used to take six to twelve months, we can now accomplish in days. This technology holds huge promise for our understanding and conservation of endangered species across Australia and around the world.”
Source : Breaking Science News